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GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. Free Software Foundation with no. Well organized and easy to understand Web building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, PHP, and XML. Invariant Sections. Introduction to GRUB1. Overview. Briefly, a boot loader is the first software program that runs when. It is responsible for loading and transferring. Linux or. GNU Mach. The kernel, in turn, initializes the rest of the operating. GNU system. GNU GRUB is a very powerful boot loader, which can load a wide variety. GRUB is designed to. One of the important features in GRUB is flexibility GRUB understands. Thus you can load the kernel. When booting with GRUB, you can use either a command line interface. Command line interface, or a menu interface see Menu interface. Using the command line interface, you type the drive. In the menu. interface, you just select an OS using the arrow keys. The menu is. based on a configuration file which you prepare beforehand. Configuration. While in the menu, you can switch to the. You can even edit menu entries. In the following chapters, you will learn how to specify a drive, a. Naming convention to GRUB, how to. GRUB on your drive see Installation, and how to boot your. OSes see Booting, step by step. History of GRUBGRUB originated in 1. Erich Boleyn was trying to boot the GNU. Hurd with the University of Utahs Mach 4 microkernel now known as GNU. Mach. Erich and Brian Ford designed the Multiboot Specification. Motivation in The Multiboot. Specification, because they were determined not to add to the large. PC boot methods. Erich then began modifying the Free. BSD boot loader so that it would. Multiboot. He soon realized that it would be a lot easier. Free. BSD boot loader, and so GRUB was born. Erich added many features to GRUB, but other priorities prevented him. In. 1. 99. 9, Gordon Matzigkeit and Yoshinori K. Okuji adopted GRUB as an. GNU package, and opened its development by making the latest. CVS. See Obtaining and Building GRUB, for more information. Over the next few years, GRUB was extended to meet many needs, but it. Around 2. 00. 2. Yoshinori K. Okuji started work on PUPA Preliminary Universal Programming. Architecture for GNU GRUB, aiming to rewrite the core of GRUB to make it. PUPA was eventually renamed. GRUB 2, and the original version of GRUB was renamed to GRUB Legacy. Small amounts of maintenance continued to be done on GRUB Legacy, but the. By around 2. 00. 7, GNULinux distributions started to use GRUB 2 to limited. Differences from previous versions. GRUB 2 is a rewrite of GRUB see History, although it shares many. GRUB Legacy. Users. GRUB Legacy may need some guidance to find their way around this new. The configuration file has a new name grub. Configuration and. Commands. Configuration cannot be copied over. GRUB Legacy users should not find the syntax too. Simple configuration. This makes it. easier to handle versioned kernel upgrades. Partition numbers in GRUB device names now start at 1, not 0 see Naming convention. The configuration file is now written in something closer to a full. A small amount of persistent storage is available across reboots, using the. GRUB and the. grub editenv utility. This is not available in all configurations. Environment block. GRUB 2 has more reliable ways to find its own files and those of target. Universally Unique Identifiers UUIDs. GRUB 2 is available for several other types of system in addition to the PC. BIOS systems supported by GRUB Legacy PC EFI, PC coreboot, Power. PC, SPARC. and MIPS Lemote Yeeloong are all supported. Many more file systems are supported, including but not limited to ext. HFS, and NTFS. GRUB 2 can read files directly from LVM and RAID devices. A graphical terminal and a graphical menu system are available. GRUB 2s interface can be translated, including menu entry names. The image files see Images that make up GRUB have been reorganised. Stage 1, Stage 1. Stage 2 are no more. GRUB 2 puts many facilities in dynamically loaded modules, allowing the core. GRUB features. The primary requirement for GRUB is that it be compliant with the. Multiboot Specification, which is described in Motivation in The Multiboot Specification. The other goals, listed in approximate order of importance, are. Basic functions must be straightforward for end users. Rich functionality to support kernel experts and designers. Backward compatibility for booting Free. BSD, Net. BSD, Open. BSD, and. Linux. Proprietary kernels such as DOS, Windows NT, and OS2 are. Except for specific compatibility modes chain loading and the Linux. Multiboot Specification. Only kernels loaded at 1 megabyte. Any attempt to load below that. In addition to the requirements above, GRUB has the following features. Multiboot Specification doesnt require all the features. GRUB supports. Recognize multiple executable formats. Support many of the a. ELF. Symbol. tables are also loaded. Support non Multiboot kernels. Support many of the various free 3. Multiboot. compliance primarily Free. BSD, Net. BSD2. Open. BSD, and Linux. Chain loading of other boot loaders is also. Load multiples modules. Fully support the Multiboot feature of loading multiple modules. Load a configuration file. Support a human readable text configuration file with preset boot. You can also load another configuration file dynamically and. GRUB image file. The list of. Commands are a superset of those supported on the. An example configuration file is provided in. Provide a menu interface. A menu interface listing preset boot commands, with a programmable. There is no fixed limit on the number of boot. Have a flexible command line interface. A fairly flexible command line interface, accessible from the menu. If no configuration file is present, GRUB drops to. The list of commands see Commands are a subset of those supported. Editing commands closely resembles the Bash. Command Line Editing in Bash Features, with TAB completion of commands. Support multiple filesystem types. Support multiple filesystem types transparently, plus a useful explicit. The currently supported filesystem types are Amiga. Fast File. System AFFS, Athe. OS fs, Be. FS. Btr. FS including raid. Linux ext. 2ext. DOS FAT1. 2FAT1. FAT3. 2, ex. FAT, HFS. HFS, ISO9. 66. 0 including Joliet, Rock ridge and multi chunk files. JFS, Minix fs versions 1, 2 and 3, nilfs. NTFS including compression, Reiser. FS, ROMFS. Amiga Smart File. System SFS, Squash. UDF. BSD UFSUFS2, XFS, and ZFS including lzjb, g AES CCM and AES GCM. See Filesystem, for more information. Support automatic decompression. Can decompress files which were compressed by gzip or. This function is both automatic and transparent to the user. This greatly reduces a file size and loading time, a. It is conceivable that some kernel modules should be loaded in a. Access data on any installed device. Support reading data from any or all floppies or hard disks recognized. BIOS, independent of the setting of the root device. Be independent of drive geometry translations. Unlike many other boot loaders, GRUB makes the particular drive. A drive installed and running with one. GRUBs configuration. Detect all installed RAMGRUB can generally find all the installed RAM on a PC compatible. It uses an advanced BIOS query technique for finding all. As described on the Multiboot Specification see Motivation in The Multiboot. Specification, not all kernels make use of this information, but GRUB. Support Logical Block Address mode. In traditional disk calls called CHS mode, there is a geometry. BIOS cannot access over 1. MB and to. at most 8. GB. GRUB cant universally solve this problem, as there is no. However, several newer machines. Logical Block Address LBA mode. GRUB. automatically detects if LBA mode is available and uses it if. In LBA mode, GRUB can access the entire disk. Support network booting. GRUB is basically a disk based boot loader but also has network. You can load OS images from a network by using the TFTP. Support remote terminals. To support computers with no console, GRUB provides remote terminal. GRUB from a remote host. Only serial. terminal support is implemented at the moment. The role of a boot loader. The following is a quotation from Gordon Matzigkeit, a GRUB fanatic. Changing Layout Dynamically in Windows Forms. WEBINAR On demand webcast. How to Boost Database Development Productivity on Linux, Docker, and Kubernetes with Microsoft SQL Server 2. REGISTER Introduction. If you are a long time Windows developer, at some point in time you must have faced the difficulty in adjusting your forms and dialogs for multiple screen resolutions. In the past, developers used various techniques to avoid such problems, including resizing controls at runtime by handling certain event handlers. However, the task was certainly not an easy one. Fortunately, the. NET Framework 2. 0 provides some handy techniques that allow you to provide dynamic layout to your forms. In this article, I am going to illustrate some of these techniques with examples. Why Dynamic Layout There are many scenarios wherein you need dynamic layouts. Some of the common ones are as follows You developed your application under one screen resolution and want to run it on machines having different and possibly unknown screen resolutions. You are setting the text of controls such as Label and Button via code and dont know the length of the text at design time. You are developing a multilingual application and dont know the width of controls under different language settings. Your application adds controls dynamically on the forms. In all such cases, being able to change the layout of your form dynamically becomes essential. The Solution. Luckily, the. NET Framework 2. 0 comes with several options to solve the problem of dynamic layout. In this article, I am going to cover the following options Auto sizing forms and controls. Docking. Anchoring. Flow layout panel. Table layout panel. Auto sizing forms and controls. In this example, you will learn to resize Windows Forms controls and forms automatically so that they fit their content. Before going any further, let me illustrate why such auto sizing is necessary. Create a new Windows Application using Visual Studio and C as the programming language. Design the default form as shown below The form consists of a textbox and three buttons. Clicking on the Change Text button changes Text property of the remaining two buttons to a value entered in the textbox. Write the following code in the Click event handler of Change Text button. Clickobject sender, Event. Args e. button. 1. Text text. Box. Text. button. 2. Text text. Box. 1. Text. The code simply sets the Text property of button. Box. 1. After writing the code, run the form. Enter some big string value in the textbox and click the Change Text button. The following figure shows a sample run of the form. Can you see the problemThe button controls do not display the complete text. Now, set the Auto. Size property of both buttons to true. The Auto. Size property governs whether a control should automatically adjust its width to accommodate its contents. Also, set the Auto. Size. Mode property of the first button to Grow. Only and that of the second button to Grow. And. Shrink. The Auto. Size. Mode property governs how a control should behave to adjust its contents. The value of Grow. Only indicates that the control can only expand to accommodate its content. The value of Grow. And. Shrink indicates that the control can expand or shrink to fit its content. Run the form again. This time, you will observe that the buttons adjust their width as per the text entered. Notice the behavior of the second button. It expands as well as shrinks according to the length of the text value. Now, enter a very long string and check the behavior. You will find that the buttons adjust themselves as per the text but the form remains the same. As a result, buttons expand beyond the form boundaries. This can be easily corrected by setting Forms Auto. Size property to true. Docking. Suppose that you want to develop a form as shown below The form has a Label control at the bottom that displays some status message to the user. Try resizing the form. You will find that, as the form is resized, the Label doesnt change its position and size. This is certainly undesirable see below. The expected behavior would be that the Label always remains attached with the bottom edge on the form. This is where the docking feature comes into picture. Windows Forms controls have a property called Dock that can dock that control to left, right, top, or bottom edge of the form. You can also make the control fill the available area of the form. To see this property in action, set the Dock property of the Label control to Bottom and run the form again. This time, as the form is resized, the Label is also resized and always remains attached to the bottom of the form. Anchoring. Assume that you are developing a resizable dialog box that has two buttons, OK and Cancel see below. If you resize the form at runtime, you will find that the buttons assume a fixed location. You would expect them to maintain the same distance from the right and bottom edges of the form. Thanks to the Anchor property, that makes this possible. The Anchor property anchors a control at some fixed place with respect to form borders. By default, controls are anchored at a fixed point from the top and left edges. To see the Anchor property in action, set the Anchor property of the OK and Cancel buttons to Bottom Right and run the form. This time, you will observe that, even if you resize the form, the controls maintain a fixed distance from the bottom and right border of the form. Flow layout panel control. In some applications, you need to add controls dynamically to the form depending on some condition. In such cases, you need to place the newly added control at an appropriate location via code. However, this means that you need to carefully calculate their left and top coordinates depending on surrounding controls. This can get tricky and tedious at times. To make the problem clear, develop a form that adds a few buttons dynamically to a Group. Box control. Add a new form to the project and drag and drop a Group. Box control to it. The Group. Box control is a container control and can house other controls inside it. Now, add the following code in the Load event of the form. Flow. Layout. DemoLoadobject sender, Event. Args e. for int i 0 i lt 5 i. Button b new Button. Text Button i. To. String. group. Box. 1. Controls. Addb. The code above runs a for loop. With each iteration, a new Button is created and added to the Controls collection of the Group. Box. If you run this form, you will see something like this As you can see, all the dynamically added buttons assume the same left and top coordinates and as a result overlap each other. To arrange all of them, you need to write code. The Flow. Layout. Panel control makes your job easy. See how. Drag and drop a Flow. Layout. Panel control on the same form and add the following code to the Load event of the form. Flow. Layout. DemoLoadobject sender, Event. Args e. for int i 0 i lt 5 i. Button b new Button. Text Button i. To. String. group. Box. 1. Controls. Addb. for int i 0 i lt 5 i. Button b new Button. Text Button i. To. String. flow. Layout. Panel. 1. Controls. Addb. The code adds another for loop. This time, the new for loop adds buttons to Flow. Layout. Panel control. If you run the form, you will observe that buttons added to Flow. Layout. Panel automatically get arranged one after the other see below. The Flow. Layout. Panel control has a property called Flow. Direction that governs the direction in which the child controls are arranged. The Flow. Direction property has four possible values Left. To. Right, Top. Down, Right. To. Left, and Bottom. Up. The Wrap. Contents boolean property governs whether the contents of Flow. Layout. Panel will be wrapped or clipped depending on the Flow. Layout. Panel width. Todays Stock Market News and Analysis. CLOSEXPlease confirm your selection. You have selected to change your default setting for the Quote Search. This will now be your default target page. Are you sure you want to change your settingsIssuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Easily share your publications and get. The database recognizes 1,746,000 software titles and delivers updates for your software including minor upgrades. Candy Crush Soda Saga FAQs en. The game keeps freezingcrashing. What should I do Please try all the options below to resolve the issue Restart your device Memory issues on your device can cause a game freezecrash. The best way to fix these issues is to restart your device, which clears the memory this will not cause any loss of data. Reset the game Resetting the game can also fix freezing issues. Give it a try Update game software Check the app store for updates to the game. Out of date software can lead to performance issues, including freezing. Update device software Finally, you should always ensure that your device has the latest software. If I try to re install the game, will I lose my progressIf you have connected the game to your Facebook or King. However, if youve never connected to Facebook or King. We recommend connecting regularly to ensure your progress can be restored in the event that you need to replace your device. Boosters and Gold Bars will be lost since they are stored on the device. If you experience this issue please contact us. I cant synchronise my progress, what should I doThe following are the top free iPad games in all categories in the iTunes App Store based on downloads by all iPad users in the United States. If you are experiencing issues synchronising the game to your Facebook or King. Restart your device Memory issues on your device can cause sync issues. Restarting your device will clear the memory this will not cause any loss of data and should resolve the problem. Reset the game Resetting the game can also fix sync issues. Give it a try Update game software Check the app store for updates to the game. Out of date software can lead to performance issues. If you are trying to sync the game with Facebook, try deleting the Facebook app from your device and re installing to kick start the sync process. Update device software Finally, you should always ensure that your device has the latest software. I purchasedreceived boosters andor lives on my tablet, but cannot see them when I play the game on mobile. Why When you receive life notifications or buyaccept boosters, they are delivered to the device you are using. If you switch devices, boosters and lives will not appear, only level progression and Gold Bars are synchronized across all platforms. How do unlimited lives work Our games operate in real time. When you receive unlimited lives the timer starts as soon as you receive the items and continues even if you are not playing. How do I save my progressThere are two ways to save your progress via Facebook this option is only available if the game can be played on Facebook and via Kingdom. By connecting to Kingdom or Facebook, you canSave your game Youll be able to synchronize your progress from FacebookKingdom to your mobile device and vice versa, this ensures that your progress will not be lost should you switch devices. Get help from friends The more the merrier On Facebook and Kingdom you can keep up to date with the progress of friends or other King players score and level and compete against them to make sure youre top of the score list. Candy Crush Saga is back with over 300 sugarcrushing and sodapopping challenging puzzles. FREE for iPhone, iPad and Android. All The Best iPad Apps 2017 All Killer. Zero Filler. Announcements included the new iPhone X and iPhone 8, Apple Watch with cellular connectivity, Apple TV 4K, and much more. Friends and players within the Kingdom can also give you more lives and help you to unlock new episodes. Do I need a Facebook or Kingdom account to playNo. You can play the full game without ever connecting to Facebook or Kingdom. In fact, you can even play the game without an internet connection. However, please remember that if you do not connect, your progress will be lost. The game says I have to wait hundreds of minutes for my next life, whats happened If you have recently changed the time on your device due to travelling or other reasons this may affect the lives timer in game. To fix the issue, please open the map screen in the game and check how long you have to wait for your next life. Now set the clock on your device forward by that amount of time. For example, if the game says 1. In this case, please calculate how many days are in 1. Once this is complete, briefly return to the games map screen and then return to the settings menu on your device and set the date andor time back to the correct time. Finally, restart your device and this should resolve the problem. When are you releasing new levelsNew levels are released as regularly as possible. Quality is important to us, and we always want to ensure new content is up to the highest possible standard, occasionally this process can take some time. Keep an eye on our official Facebook fan page for updates on the latest episode releases. The levels seem different on desktop vs. Why Occasionally there may be some slight differences between levels on desktop vs. This is because we sometimes adjust levels to make them better suited to the mobile experience. How do I turn off notifications on Android Notifications can be switched off through your devices settings menu. Open SettingsSelect AppsApp ManagerThen select the Candy Crush Soda Saga. Now simply uncheck the Show Notifications option. I am having trouble connecting to the app store. Help If you are having trouble connecting the the app store to make a purchase in game, please follow the steps below to resolve the issue Open the game on your device. Try to make a purchase with Gold Bars. If you receive an error message, please close the pop up screen. Return to the main menu screen in game and sign out of FacebookKingdom this option can usually be found in the games settings menu. Exit the game and close down all open apps on your device. Then go to Settings on your device and sign out of the app store. If you are playing on Android, please clear the games cache go to Settings AppsApp Manager Game Clear Cache Switch off your device and leave it for two minutes. This will also clear the cache. Switch on your device, go to Settings and sign in to the app store. Finally, open the game, connect to FacebookKingdom and then try to make your purchase again. I am not receiving messages in game from friends andor other Kingdom players. Why Sometimes, due to the volume of messages being sent globally, some messages may occasionally drop. If this occurs, we recommend re sending your request to friends. If this doesnt solve the issue, please contact us. I have seen King promotions such as survey, which I can complete to win prizes. Is this genuine King only run competitions and promotions via our official social media and website channels. Please look for the official blue verified tick on all social channels before engaging in any promotions, offers or competitions. We will never request personal information, such as bank details, for our promotions. Please note King cannot be held responsible for any third party offers and promotions. If, after checking our official pages, you are still unsure about a promotion then please contact us directly with the full details and link to the offer. I have been stuck on a level for ages. Is the game fixed While some levels can be challenging, we would like to reassure you that all levels can be completed without using boosters or extra moves. All of our games are a blended mix of luck, skill and tactics. Starting boards are randomly generated. Once the level begins its down to your choices in game which affectdetermine the outcome of the level. If you would like further assistance on a specific level please see our tutorials section https care. Why does my friend have new game features, but I do not From time to time we test temporary new features in our games, this is rolled out to a small selection of players. The selection process is completely random. If we decide that a new feature will remain in game, it will then be rolled out to all players. Who are the other players that show up on the map and in my high scores listThe players that show up in high score lists and on the maps inside the game are other players like you. When you play our games, you are assigned to a group of other players who you can compete or collaborate with. You can also search for your own friends by entering their email address, or inviting them via email. Should I split VMware virtual disk into multiple files or not There seems little point in splitting an image file unless youre creating it on a FAT3. VMware has this to say Select Split virtual disk into multiple files if the virtual disk is stored on a file system that has a file size limitation. Another reference has this to say Choosing to split VMDK into 2. GB files has quite no impact on performance. Anyway, the largest disk image file Ive currently got on my NTFS formatted portable USB hard drive is 1. GB. Ive even backed it up using 7 zip to a network share overnight. Good for beginning digital artist Comes with free Drawing Pack includes ArtRage software, online tutorials, etc. Wireless potential, but you have to purchase a. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Easily share your publications and get. No problems at all. Performance wise, seriously, for what youre doing you simply wont notice the difference between single and split images. I imagine a perceivable difference would start to appear with images into the 1. GB in size. Still, if you want to go with what is technically the most performant, then thats a single monolithic image file which is what youre doing already. Youre all good. Motorheads Lemmy Will Live On as a Vicious Prehistoric Crocodile. When much beloved Motrhead frontman Lemmy left our planet for a more metal one back in 2. But now, the iconic musician has been immortalized in a way we know hed approve ofby getting a prehistoric beast named in his honor. Recently, scientists studying the fragmentary skeleton of a marine crocodile relative at the Natural History Museum in London realized the bones had been wrongly classified for over a century. The group fossils had originally been dug up near Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in 1. Apparently, researchers dug up a bunch of bones at this particular clay pit and mistakes were made. It happens. Now, a team of scientists from the University of Edinburgh have given the fossils a new classification and name, inspired by the aforementioned rock god. Lemmysuchus, or Lemmys crocodile, was as brutal as its name suggests, terrorizing the waters around modern day Britain and France 1. Middle Jurassic. According to the researchers, the. Lemmysuchus used its broad, flat teeth to snack on sea turtles. All the gruesome details are in the researchers new study, published in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. So while the man who once invited people to love him like a reptile, is gone, a terrifying reptile bearing his name will live on. In a museum. Although Lemmy passed away at the end of 2. Lemmysuchus, one of the nastiest sea creatures to have ever inhabited the Earth, Natural History Museum curator Lorna Steel, a co author on the study, said in a press release. TearfullyNice. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. When muchbeloved Motrhead frontman Lemmy left our planet for a more metal one back in 2015, the world mourned. But now, the iconic musician has been immortalized. Chengdu Yagcrystal Technology Co. ,Ltd. AddressNo. 1455 Xihanggang Ave. Section 4, Shuangliu, Chengdu, P. R. China. Post code610200. Tel862885729259. App Downloads for Ubuntu Download, Discover, Share on Uptodown. Download thousands of Ubuntu apps. How to get your very own RStudio Server and Shiny Server with Digital. Ocean. If you want help setting up your Shiny Server, a 1 on 1 walk through or tutorial, or just general consultation about using Shiny Server, Im available for hire. After installation add your license key if you have one. Key is now inserted in the program Menu Settings Registration. You must enter the first 10 characters. If youve always wanted to have an RStudio Server of your own so that you can access R from anywhere, or your own Shiny Server to host your awesome shiny apps or Rmarkdown documents, Digital. Ocean DO can help you get there easily. For example, take a look at my Shiny Server to see how useful this can be. Digital. Ocean provides virtual private servers they call each server a droplet, which means that you can pay 5month to have your own server in the cloud that you can access from anywhere and host anything on. Check out my DO droplet to see it in action Use my referral link to get 1. I only found out about DO a couple of months ago when I asked my supervisor, Jenny Bryan, if there was a way for me to do some R ing when Im away from my machine. She told me that she doesnt have a solution for me, but that I should check out Digital. Ocean, so I did. And it turns out that its very convenient for hosting my own RStudio Server and anything else Id like to host, and very affordable even for my student self. This post will cover how to set up a machine from scratch, set up R, RStudio Server, Shiny Server, and a few other helpful features on a brand new DO droplet remember droplet your machine in the cloud. The tutorial might seem lengthy, but its actually very simple, Im just breaking up every step into very fine details. Based on feedback from others, it should take about 3. Table of contents. Step 1 Sign up to Digital. Ocean. Go to Digital. Ocean use this referral link to get 2 months and sign up. Registration is quick and painless, but I think in order to verify your account and to get your 1. If you go to your Billing page hopefully you will see the 1. Step 2 Create a new droplet. Now lets claim one of DOs machines as our own Its so simple that you definitely dont need my instructions, just click on the big Create button Droplets and choose your settings. I chose the smallestweakest machine 5month plan and its good enough for me. I chose San Francisco for region because its the closest to me, though it really wouldnt make much of a noticeable difference where the server is located. For operating system, I chose to go with the default Ubuntu 1. If you know what SSH keys are you can learn here, then I recommend you add an SSH key at the last step if you know how to do that. If not, just proceed without an SSH key. Note all subsequent steps assume that you are also using the weakest server possible with Ubuntu 1. If you chose different settings, the general instructions will still apply but some of the specific commandsURLs might need to change. Even though you probably dont need it, heres a short GIF showing how I create a new droplet. Step 3 Log in to your very own shiny new server. Once the droplet is ready can take a few minutes, youll be redirected to a page that shows you information about the new droplet, including its IP. From now on, Ill use the random IP address 1. IP with this one. One option to log into your droplet is through the Access tab on the droplets page, but its incredibly slow and ugly, so I prefer logging in on my own machine. If youre on a unix machine, you can just use ssh 1. Im on Windows, so I use Pu. TTY to SSH login into other machines. Use the IP that you see on the page, with the username root. If you used an SSH key then you dont need to provide a password otherwise, a password was sent to your email. You should be greeted with a welcome message and some stats about the server that look like this Step 4 Ensure you dont shoot yourself in the foot. The first thing I like to do is add a non root user so that we wont accidentally do something stupid as root. Lets add a user named dean and give him admin power. You will be asked to give some information for this new user. From now on I will generally log into this server as dean instead of root. If Ill need to run any commands requiring admin abilities, I just have to prepend the command with sudo. Lets say goodbye to root and switch to dean. Step 5 See your droplet in a browser. Right now if you try to visit http 1. Lets make our private server serve a webpage there instead, as a nice visual reward for getting this far. Install nginx sudo apt get update. Now if you visit http 1. Instant gratification Quick nginx references. The default file that is served is located at usrsharenginxhtmlindex. For example, I just put a bit of text redirecting to other places in my index page. The configuration file is located at etcnginxnginx. When you edit an HTML file, you will be able to see the changes immediately when you refresh the page, but if you make configuration changes, you need to restart nginx. In the future, you can stopstartrestart nginx withsudo service nginx stop. Step 6 Install RTo ensure we get the most recent version of R, we need to first add xenial our Ubuntu release name to our sources. Now add the public keys gpg keyserver keyserver. E0. 84. DAB9. gpg a export E0. DAB9 sudo apt key add. Now were ready to install Rsudo apt get update. You should now be able to run R and hopefully be greeted with a message containing the latest R version. Now you need to quit R quit because there are a couple small things to adjust on the server so that R will work well. If you also chose the weakest machine type like I did, many packages wont be able to install because of not enough memory. We need to add 1. G of swap space sudo bindd ifdevzero ofvarswap. M count1. 02. 4. Now installing most packages will work, but before installing any package, I always like having devtools available so that I can install Git. Hub packages. devtools will currently not be able to get installed because it has a few dependencies. Lets install those dependencies sudo apt get y install libcurl. Ok, now we can start installing R packages, both from CRAN and from Git. Hub sudo su c R e install. R e devtools installgithubdaattalishinyjs. Feel free to play around with R now. Note 6. 1 Important note re installing R packages. Note that instead of launching R and installing the packages from R, Im doing it from the terminal with sudo su c R. Why Because if you log into R and install packages, by default they will be installed in your personal library and will only be accessible to the current user dean in this case. By running the command the way I do above, it installs the packages as the root user, which means the packages will be installed in a global library and will be available to all users. As a demonstration, launch R simply run R and run. Paths. This will show you all the locations where R will search for a package, and the first one is where a new package will get installed. Youll probably notice that the first entry, where packages will get installed, is a path under the current users home for me its homedeanRx. From now on, whenever you want to install a package for the whole system, you should either log in as root and intall the package, or use the above command. To install an R package for just one user, its ok to proceed as normal and just install the package when youre logged in as the intended user. Step 7 Install RStudio Server. Great, R is working, but RStudio has become such an integral part of our lives that we cant do any R without it Lets install some pre requisites sudo apt get y install libapparmor. Download the latest RStudio Server consult RStudio Downloads page to get the URL for the latest version. Then install the file you downloaded. These next two lines are using the latest version as of writing this post. Done By default, RStudio uses port 8. RStudio go to http 1. RStudio login page. If you forgot what your droplets IP is, you can find out by running hostname IYou can log in to RStudio with any userpassword that are available on the droplet. For example, I would log in with username dean and my password. If you want to let your friend Joe have access to your RStudio, you can create a new user for them with adduser joe. Go ahead and play around in R a bit, to make sure it works fine. I usually like to try out a ggplot. Step 8 Install Shiny Server. |
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